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topic: vitamin B6
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Vitamin B6
(Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal, and Pyridoxamine)

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is required for the synthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine and for myelin formation. It is a water-soluble vitamin. Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water. The body cannot store them. Leftover amounts of the vitamin leave the body through the urine. That means you need a continuous supply of such vitamins in your diet.

Function

Vitamin B6 helps the immune system produce antibodies. Antibodies are needed to fight many diseases. This nutrient helps maintain normal nerve function and form red blood cells. The body uses it to help break down proteins. The more protein you eat, the more vitamin B6 you need.

Pyridoxine deficiency in adults principally affects the peripheral nerves, skin, mucous membranes, and the blood cell system. In children, the central nervous system (CNS) is also affected. Deficiency can occur in people with uremia, alcoholism, cirrhosis, hyperthyroidism, malabsorption syndromes, congestive heart failure (CHF), and in those taking certain medications.

Pyridoxine is frequently used in combination with other B vitamins in vitamin B complex formulations. Mild deficiency of this vitamin is common.

Food Sources

Major sources of vitamin B6 include:

  • cereal grains
  • legumes
  • vegetables (carrots, spinach, peas)
  • potatoes
  • milk
  • cheese
  • eggs
  • fish
  • liver
  • meat
  • flour
  • nuts
  • whole grains
  • fortified breads

Like most vitamins, this nutrient may be obtained in the recommended amount with a well-balanced diet, including some enriched or fortified foods.

Deficiency Side Effects

Large doses of this vitamin can cause neurological disorders and numbness. Deficiency of this vitamin can cause mouth and tongue sores, irritability, confusion, and depression.
Some individuals seem to be particularly sensitive to this vitamin and may have problems at lower doses. Overall, pyridoxine is generally considered safe in adults and children when used appropriately at recommended doses. Avoid excessive dosing.

Pyridoxine supplements are effective for treating hereditary sideroblastic anemia under the supervision of a qualified healthcare provider.

Specific recommendations for each vitamin depend on age, gender, and other factors (such as pregnancy). In general, a healthy diet typically supplies enough vitamin B6.